Python Fundamentals
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Basic data types in Python include integers, strings, and floating-point numbers.
Use variable = value to assign a value to a variable in order to record it in memory.
Variables are created on demand whenever a value is assigned to them.
Use print(something) to display the value of something .
Built-in functions are always available to use.
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Analyzing Patient Data
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Import a library into a program using import libraryname .
Use the numpy library to work with arrays in Python.
The expression array.shape gives the shape of an array.
Use array[x, y] to select a single element from a 2D array.
Array indices start at 0, not 1.
Use low:high to specify a slice that includes the indices from low to high-1 .
Use # some kind of explanation to add comments to programs.
Use numpy.mean(array) , numpy.max(array) , and numpy.min(array) to calculate simple statistics.
Use numpy.mean(array, axis=0) or numpy.mean(array, axis=1) to calculate statistics across the specified axis.
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Visualizing Tabular Data
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Storing Multiple Values in Lists
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[value1, value2, value3, ...] creates a list.
Lists can contain any Python object, including lists (i.e., list of lists).
Lists are indexed and sliced with square brackets (e.g., list[0] and list[2:9]), in the same way as strings and arrays.
Lists are mutable (i.e., their values can be changed in place).
Strings are immutable (i.e., the characters in them cannot be changed).
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Repeating Actions with Loops
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Use for variable in sequence to process the elements of a sequence one at a time.
The body of a for loop must be indented.
Use len(thing) to determine the length of something that contains other values.
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Analyzing Data from Multiple Files
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Use glob.glob(pattern) to create a list of files whose names match a pattern.
Use * in a pattern to match zero or more characters, and ? to match any single character.
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